Scoliosis Surgery is recommended when the spinal curvature is severe and is either progressing or is a cause of severe pain or difficulty in breathing. The surgery is aimed at rectifying the spinal curvature, stabilizing the spine and preventing its progression. The rectification of the curved spine involves removal of one or more intervertebral discs (discectomy), vertebrae or spinous processes from the curved segment of the spine. The gaps in the bones are then filled with a bone graft. Ribs can be a source for the bone graft. Rods and screws are used to permanently fix the spine in the rectified position.
Scoliosis surgery is a major surgery. It is performed under general anesthesia and may require several hours to complete. An open approach or minimally invasive approach can be used for the surgery. The surgery can be performed either from the back (posterior approach) or the front of the body (through the abdomen or chest wall). Sometimes a more complex anterior posterior approach is required. This is a very demanding surgery for the surgeon as well as the patient. Two surgeries are done one from the front and the other from the back, with a gap of a few days between them.
The surgical approach and type of surgery depends on various factors which include age of the patient, cause of scoliosis, location and degree of the curve and its progressive nature. Apart from this, other associated symptoms and the presence of co-existing conditions such as diabetes, endocrine dysfunction and bone diseases, are also taken into consideration. The risk of the surgery may include infection, bleeding, nerve damage and reaction to general anesthesia.
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