A hip replacement is also known as hip arthroplasty or a total hip replacement is a type of surgery to replace damaged parts of the hip with man-made parts. The operation can relieve hip pain and improve movement. It is commonly recommended if you have severe hip damage that interferes with your life, when other treatments have not helped.
During hip replacement surgery, damaged bone and cartilage (tissue at the end of the bone that cushions the joint) are removed from the hip joint. These are replaced with metal or plastic parts.
Hip replacement surgery usually takes 1 to 2 hours. You will be given a general anaesthetic, which makes you fully unconscious, or a spinal anaesthetic, which numbs the lower half of your body.
During hip replacement surgery, the damaged bone and cartilage are removed from the hip joint. These are replaced with metal or plastic parts.
There are different types of hip replacement — partial and total.
A partial hip replacement only replaces the ball on the end of the thigh bone. A ceramic or metal ball attached to a stem is attached to the bone.
Total hip replacement means the ball of the hip and the socket of the hip joint are both replaced. Sometimes just the surface of head of the hip is replaced, rather than the whole ball.
Your doctor may recommend a hip replacement if you have:
. osteoarthritis
. rheumatoid arthritis
. arthritis or pain following a hip injury
. an injury that affects blood supply to the hip
. hip disease from birth
. hip pain that has lasted a long time and that makes moving difficult, has not improved with medicines, physical therapy or walking support and that makes it difficult for you to look after yourself and is affecting your daily activities
A hip replacement can reduce pain, improve mobility and improve quality of life.
There might be alternatives, such as continuing with physical therapy, adding new methods of pain relief or trying hip resurfacing therapy.
Hip replacement surgery is considered safe and effective. However, very rarely, complications can include:
. infections
. blood clots (deep vein thrombosis, or DVT)
. hip dislocation, especially in the first few months after surgery
. one leg feels shorter than the other
. nerve and blood vessel injury
. swelling and stiffness
. continued pain
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