ABO Incompatible Kidney Transplant (ABOi KT) is a medical procedure in which a kidney from a donor with an incompatible (with different blood groups) is transplanted into the recipients body. This is a complex and risky surgical procedure that provide a viable alternative for many patients who do not have a blood group match among available donor.
To reduce the risk of rejection after an ABOi KT a medical procedure known as desensitisation is used before and after the transplant. This helps to lower antibody levels in the blood and lower the risks of antibodies rejecting the donor kidney. However, In this type of transplant, antibodies in the patient against donor blood group has to be removed through plasmapheresis/immunoadsorbtion and other medications that protect the transplanted kidney from antibodies.
ABOi KT recipients are at increased risk of complications such as antibody-mediated rejection, infection, and mortality. Therefore, patients must be closely monitored after the procedure to ensure that the donor kidney is functioning smoothly and that there are no complications.
So this type of transplant is more costly as compared to transplant in same blood group. The donor and recipient will have to undergo detailed tests, which could take 7-15 days (depending on what is found on investigations), prior to transplantation. The Transplantation can be done if the recipient and donor are found to be fit after these test and after the approval of authorization committee .
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